Agriculture will face significant challenges in the 21st century, largely due to the need to increase global food supply under the declining availability of natural resources and increasing threats from climate change. it will affect agriculture through higher temperatures, elevated CO₂ concentration, precipitation changes, increased weeds, pests, and disease pressure, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. High temperatures can lead to negative impacts such as added heat stress, especially in areas at low to mid-latitudes already at risk today, but they also may lead to positive impacts such as an extension of the growing season in currently cold-limited high-latitude regions. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations increase plant growth and yield and may improve plant water use efficiency. However, a number of factors such as pests, soil and water quality, adequate water supply, and crop-weed competition may severely limit the realization of any potential benefits. Changes in precipitation patterns, especially in the frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods, are likely to severely affect agricultural production. These impacts will tend to affect poor developing countries disproportionately, especially those currently exposed to major climate risks. Weeds, pests and diseases under climate change have the potential to severely limit crop production. Vulnerability of organic carbon pools to climate change has important repercussions for land sustainability and climate mitigation. In addition to plant species responses to elevated CO₂, future changes in carbon stocks and net fluxes will critically depend on land use actions such as afforestation and management practices such as fertilization, irrigation, and tillage, in addition to plant species responses to elevated CO₂.
Source- International conference on Climate Change and it's implications in Crop production and Food sequence.
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