January 7, 2025 -
Weather News: Bombogenesis, a term used by meteorologists, occurs when a midlatitude (the latitudes between the tropics and polar regions) cyclone rapidly intensifies, or strengthens, over a 24 hour period. This intensification is represented by a drop in millibars, a measurement of pressure used in meteorology. The intensification required to classify as "bombogenesis" varies by latitude. At 60 degrees latitude, it is a drop of at least 24 millibars (24 hectopascals) over 24 hours. At the latitude of New York City, the required pressure drop is about 17.8 millibars (17.8 hectopascals) over 24 hours.
Bombogenesis can happen when a cold air mass collides with a warm air mass, such as air over warm ocean waters. It is popularly referred to as a bomb cyclone. (NOAA)
The expression itself—bomb cyclone—was originally a slang term used to describe an extratropical cyclone that strengthened quickly, a concept similar to a rapidly intensifying hurricane. “This term has been in use for about 80 years but was popularized and formalized 40 years ago when it entered the published literature,” said Brian McNoldy, a senior research associate at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science.
Authors of the paper “Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the ‘Bomb,’” which published in the October 1980 issue of the American Meteorological Society’s Monthly Weather Review, called the weather phenomenon a bomb because it develops “with a ferocity we rarely, if ever, see over land.”
“Another term used to describe this is explosive cyclogenesis—rapid formation and development of a cyclone,” McNoldy explained. “To officially qualify as a bomb, the central pressure of the low must fall at least 24 millibars in 24 hours at 60 degrees latitude, or 14 millibars in 24 hours at 30 degrees latitude.”
While the satellite imagery of last week’s bomb cyclone, captured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s GOES 18, looks similar to that of a hurricane, the two systems are structurally different.
Hurricanes are vertically upright, with their structure extending evenly from the ocean surface to the upper atmosphere. And it is such a structure that allows for efficient wind flow and intensification. Effect of Bomb Cyclone
It can cause heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, snowstorms, high-velocity winds (up to 80 kmph) etc. This results in disruption of communication, destruction of infrastructure and houses, and loss of human life due to very cold conditions.
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