*El nino*
The term "El Niño" originates from Spanish which means "the boy" or "the little boy. The El Niño refers to a warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures. South American fishermen first noticed periods of unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean in the 1600s. El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.The low-level surface winds, which normally blow from east to west along the equator (easterly winds), instead weaken or, in some cases, start blowing the other direction (from west to east or westerly winds).El Niño is the “warm phase” of a larger phenomenon called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).El Niño recurs irregularly, from two years to a decade.El Niño events can disrupt normal weather patterns in the world.However, El Niño is not a regular cycle, or predictable in the sense.
Effect of el nino?
El Niño can have widespread impacts on climate and weather patterns.The effects of each El Niño event vary depending on the intensity, duration, time of year when it develops, and the interaction with other modes of climate variability.El Niño triggers extreme weather events in many regions of the world that lead to crop failures and hunger crises – or exacerbate existing crisis.Globally El Niño is associated with patterns of weather extremes. El Niño can mean droughts, floods, crop failures, and looming food shortages. El Nino results in the rise of sea surface temperatures.It also weakens the trade winds of the affected region.In India, Australia, it can bring about drought conditions. This affects crop productivity largely.It has been also observed certain times, that EL Nino may not bring drought but cause heavy rainfall.More precipitation is expected in some places, while others may receive none at all.The formation of an El Nino may result in a weakening of the southwest monsoon season, which accounts for roughly 70% of total rainfall in India and on which most farmers still rely.The Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increase during El Niño events, possibly as a result of warmer and drier conditions in tropical regions.El Niño events will become more frequent and more intense as a result of global warming.
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